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25 May 2015
2 min read
Fermentation benefits

Can yogurt consumption prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common, but unpleasant side effect of antibiotic intake. Yogurt is known to contain many healthy bacteria, therefore this study considers if yogurt consumption is an efficient method in preventing AAD.

A systematic review

A systematic review, published in the online journal Nutrition, evaluated the influence of yogurt consumption in adults and children treated with antibiotics. The authors used several databases to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to assess the association between yogurt consumption and the lower risk of AAD. 314 subjects, with significant heterogeneity (67%) and with assessed risk for bias, were included from two RCTs. However, the low methodological quality of both RCTs needs to be taken into account.

Lack of data

They found no consistent effect of yogurt consumption in reducing the risk of AAD on one hand. The results of the fixed effect model show a reduced risk for diarrhea by 44%, in comparison to no intervention. On the other hand, in the random effects model no significant reduced risk was found. The lack of scientific data is crucial, given the simple nature of this intervention. The authors recommend large and qualified RCTs in order to evaluate the effect of yogurt on AAD in the future.

Source: Patro-Golab B. et al. Nutrition, Volume 31, June 2015, Pages 796-800.
21 May 2015
2 min read
International conferences

World Digestive Health Day, May 29, 2015: Heartburn, a global perspective

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Heartburn is one of the cardinal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The prevalence of GERD is increasing worldwide, ranging from 2.5% to 6.6% in Eastern Asia up to 13.8% to 25.8% in North America. The reason for the increasing prevalence of GERD is not entirely clear, but it appears to be correlated with the increasing prevalence of obesity in many countries and, perhaps, to other dietary factors.

GERD is associated with a significant impact on health-related quality of life and reduction in personal and work-related productivity; it is, also, associated with a greater risk of Barrett’s esophagus, a pre-malignant condition that may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Fortunately, GERD can, generally, be treated safely and effectively. However, the investigation and treatment of GERD can be costly.

What is Heartburn: A Global Perspective?

 “Heartburn: A Global Perspective,” the WGO campaign for World Digestive Health Day 2015, seeks to translate research into clinical practice and facilitate communication between healthcare providers, healthcare payers and heartburn sufferers to ensure that patients receive appropriate dietary and lifestyle advice as well as appropriate investigations and treatment, relevant to their condition and circumstances. The WGO’s task will be supported by the development of educational and training materials, around the world, in collaboration with WGO Member Societies and by the concurrent development and publication of the WGO Cascades Guidelines on the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

 Would you like to know what is happening around the globe for WDHD 2015? Visit the calendar to see what events are being planned!

Learn more about WDHD

19 May 2015
3 min read
International conferences Other YINI Symposium

Report from the YINI Symposium in Mexico: Yogurt effects on health

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As the incidence of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, these conditions are the main challenges for healthcare in the future. The aim of this symposium was to discover how yogurt consumption contributes to this mission. The consumption of milk products is very low in Mexico (8 kg per person each year), compared to the Netherlands and Spain, whereby an individual consumes between 30 and 40 kg yogurt each year. Experts state that to beat these health threats in the future, the awareness and knowledge concerning health and nutrition needs to be improved and become more widespread.

Gut Human Microbiota

The scientific program opened with a case on ‘Yogurt Effects’ by Professor Francisco Guarner (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain). According to his research, changes in the composition of human gut microbiota are associated with several diseases, such as the obesity epidemic in Western countries. Recent studies showed that low genetic diversity in the gut microbiome increases the risk of several features associated with the metabolic disorders, such as an inflammatory profile (increased C-reactive protein), disturbed glucose homeostasis (hyperglycemia, insulin resistance) as well as body fat accumulation (leptin resistance). The incorrect use of antibiotics may also destroy the beneficial gut microbiota and therefore affects the immune system. A subsequent study revealed that a low-caloric diet increases the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and reduces inflammatory abnormalities. Nimbe Torres (University of Wisconsin) confirms these findings. As nutrition influences the balance of gut microbiota, the low consumption of functional foods, such as yogurt, weakens the diversity of microbiota.

Yogurt and Health Effects

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as a combination of metabolic abnormalities that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes over time. Carmen Sayon-Orea (University of Navarra, Spain) described the preventive effect of yogurt consumption: a cohort study in Spain showed that a combined exposure of high yogurt consumption (more than 7 portions/week) and high fruit consumption (more than 265g/day) is significantly associated with a lower risk of developing MetS (-39%). In his latest research, André Marette (Hôpital Laval, Québec, Canada) described yogurt as a nutrient-dense food, containing probiotics, high quality protein, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), calcium and fatty acids. His study concluded that probiotics, prebiotics, and their combinations are clinically effective for a large number of gut based disorders like IBD, digestion, travelers’ diarrhea, and for improving/helping to maintain general health. According to Carlos Aguilar Salinas (Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City), a low fat diet is not a synonym for a healthy diet. This statement is supported by Maria Eugenia Frigolet (Hospital San Angel Inn Universidad, Mexico). She claimed that yogurt contains palmitholeic acids, a fatty acid with positive benefits on metabolism.

Positive evaluation of the YINI Symposium

With 488 attendees from different states (27 of 32), the symposium was a great success! With a majority of nutrition students (64%), several universities were represented. Also nutritionists (6%) and professors in nutrition (19%) attended the event. The presentation of the speakers were evaluated as excellent and scored high in quality. 96% is convicted to consume yogurt as part of their daily diet. 97% will recommend yogurt consumption mainly because of its benefits (30%), prevention of chronic diseases (23%), for helping other people or their patients (15%), its nutritional content (5%) or without any specific reason but for improving their health. The event was covered by several media: 19 national media in Mexico and 10 local media in Cancùn. A media round table was organized, including several one-on-one interviews with experts.

Cancùn, 5 May 2015, Cancún Center Quintana Roo
18 May 2015
2 min read
Fermentation benefits

Acute gastroenteritis in children: what about yogurt?

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The ESPGHAN updated guidelines of May 2014 for treatment of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) don’t describe the benefits of yogurt in nutritional management. Many countries however do believe in the positive effect of yogurt consumption. Following these considerations, the efficacy of yogurt in the management of AGE needs to be evaluated.

Acute gastroenteritis is also called gastric flu and is caused by infectious bacteria and viruses that affect the stomach and intestines. Diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain are the main symptoms. Dehydration and weight loss are important risks of AGE. With the proven health benefits of yogurt, we need to reflect on how yogurt can contribute in the management of AGE.

A systematic review on the role of yogurt in the treatment of children with AGE was published in the online journal Clinical Nutrition. The authors used different databases to compose four RCTs of 448 subjects for their analysis. All RCTs were low in methodological quality and were performed in clinical setting.

Improved weight gain with yogurt consumption for children with AGE

There was no consistency in the data on the influence of yogurt consumption on the duration of diarrhea and stool frequency. Neither was there a significant difference in stool volume between children who consumed yogurt during their AGE treatment and those who did not. The chances of success and failure of the treatment was also the same in both groups. Due to the limitations in data and methodologies of the trials, these findings should be handled with caution.

However, the consumption of yogurt did contribute to an increase of total weight gain during the treatment. Furthermore they determined a shorter duration of hospitalization for the group of children who consumed yogurt, this difference was small but significant.

Source: Patro-Golab B et al. Clinical Nutrition Journal. September 17, 2014

15 May 2015
1 min read
Recipes

Edamame and pomegranate hummus by Hubert Cormier

Hubert Cormier
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Ingredients

  • 2 cups of boiled and drained edamame
  • 3 tablespoon of water
  • 2 cloves of garlic, in purée
  • ⅓ cup (175g) of natural Greek yoghurt
  • Juice of 1 lemon
  • 2 teaspoons of sesame oil
  • A pinch of salt
  • ½ cup of pomegranate seeds
  • 3 tablespoon of sesame seeds (optional)

Preparation

  1. In a food processor, puree all the ingredients (except the pomegranate and sesame seeds). With the motor running, slowly drizzle in 2 teaspoons of the sesame oil and mix until absorbed.
  2. Transfer into a bowl and stir in the pomegranate and sesame seeds.

 

14 May 2015
2 min read
Fermentation benefits

The benefits of yogurt and probiotics in dietary guidelines

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Research of dietary guidelines of several countries outside the EU showed that, in general, the consumption of yogurt is advocated. But specific recommendations on probiotics are rather rare, despite the many health effects of probiotics documented in the literature, while nutritional benefits of probiotics and fermented foods like yogurt are recognized in varying degrees in EU dietary guidelines.

Probiotics and fermented milks benefit human health because they are easy digestible, provide live microorganisms and have a long history of safe use. Many products use the ‘probiotic’ label, but do not always meet the minimum criteria. In order to communicate health claims, it is crucial to identify these bacteria and define well their health effects. The term ‘probiotics’ is distracted from the Greek word ‘pro bios’, which means ‘for life’. Probiotics are in general defined as live microorganisms which benefit the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts. Various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have been examined, and certain strains of Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium and Streptococcus types are considered to be microorganisms with probiotic properties. In the EU the Qualified Presumption of Safety-list compiles microorganisms, as well as the International Dairy Federation who lists 264 species mainly used in dairy products.

Nutritional recommendations inside and outside the EU

Nutritional recommendations are different for each country, as the nutrient intake and the priority in selection of nutrients depend on food availability and preferences. The main food groups do not significantly differ between EU member states, but the recommended amounts and food types in the group do vary. There are no harmonized EU guidelines, due to a lack of representative consumption data. EU countries in general promote yogurt as a part of a healthy lifestyle, but only five countries mentioned specifically the benefits of the live bacteria. Remarkably, none of the countries included yogurt as an alternative for lactose intolerance, as it contains less lactose and supports the digestions of lactose through bacteria. Research of dietary guidelines of responsible organizations outside the EU assessed any statement on probiotic yogurt. They mainly focus on milk products in general and their benefits for calcium and vitamins intakes which improves bone health. A deeper analysis of probiotics health benefits is necessary to develop evidence-based clinical and dietary guidelines.

Source: Ebner S. et al. World Journal of Gastroenterology, Volume 20 (43), November 2014, pages 16095-16100
13 May 2015
2 min read
Cardiovascular health

Yogurt improves healthy eating and cardio-metabolic risk profile

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Yogurt consumption significantly contributes to the Prudent dietary pattern with lower fat and cholesterol intakes, and is therefore positively associated with healthy eating habits. Overweight and obese individuals develop a more beneficial cardio-metabolic risk profile and show less influence of anthropometric indicators while consuming yogurt.

A new publication in the European Journal of Nutrition examined to which extent yogurt intake is associated with healthy dietary patterns and a better cardio-metabolic risk profile. 664 healthy participants with different BMI rankings from the INFOGENE study were surveyed on their diet habits with a 91-item FFQ, including yogurt. The results of the analysis were classified as Prudent or Western dietary patterns. More fruit, vegetables, whole grains, milk products, poultry and fish are consumed in a Prudent diet, whereas a Western regime consists of a higher intake of red meat, high sugar snacks, refined grains and saturated fats.

Benefits of yogurt consumption in the Prudent diet

In opposite of the non-consumers, consumers of yogurt showed a higher mean score in the Prudent diet and were associated with lower body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, BMI and lower levels of fasting total cholesterol and insulin.

Overweight and obese individuals with similar BMI score exhibited a more favorable cardio-metabolic risk profile with lower levels of plasma triglyceride and insulin when they consumed yogurt compared to those who did not. They determined no difference in total yogurt consumption across all BMI rankings, only the type of daily yogurt intake varied: normal-weight subjects consumed more high-fat yogurt and less fat-free servings compared to overweight and obese consumers.

Source: Cormier H et al. Eur J Nutr. 2015 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]
13 May 2015
4 min read
Expert interviews

Interview behind the scenes: Hubert Cormier, RD, Canada

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Hubert Cormier is a registered dietitian from Canada and he’s currently enrolled in a doctoral program that he pursues at the Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF). He is also doing several TV or radio interviews or acting as a spokesperson for the food industry or others initiatives related to the field of nutrition. Moreover, he is a best-selling author and very active on social media platforms such as Facebook , Twitter and Instagram.

Your last research, published in the European Journal of Nutrition in 2015, examined whether yogurt intake is associated with a healthy dietary pattern. Do you think that yogurt can drive a better diet quality?

Certainly! As shown by previous studies, yogurt was always associated with a better diet quality. In our study, we had data available from food frequency questionnaires and we have decided to look at dietary patterns. There are two main patterns, namely the Prudent and the Western dietary patterns, which are characterized by the different food groups. Each participant has a score for each pattern and this score reflects how well you adhere or not to each pattern.

First, we have found that yogurt was a contributor to the Prudent dietary pattern along with fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, non-hydrogenated fats, fish and other seafood. Then, we observed that consumers of yogurt had a positive Prudent dietary pattern mean score, while the opposite trend was observed in non-consumers of yogurt. Finally, we have found that yogurt consumption may be associated with lower anthropometric indicators such as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio in addition to a lower body weight and with a more beneficial cardio-metabolic risk profile in overweight/obese individuals.

You are a best-selling author and your last book, “Not Guilty: Free yourself from your food guilt” is already a success in Canada. According to your experience, can we assume that yogurt is a non-guilty snack? And if so, what are the key drivers?

Couverture_NonCoupable_finaleI do believe that yogurt is a non-guilty snack for sure or at least, is a good substitute to your chocolate cake or chips in the evening! It’s packed with proteins, calcium and other components that make yogurt really interesting such as bioactive peptides, branched-chain amino acids and milk fat. Also, I really love yogurt for its versatility, which I really think is one of the key drivers of yogurt consumption.

You can eat yogurt alone, with fruits, with a layer of caramel sauce, with cookie crumbs, with nuts or even in a more salty way with spices, garlic and Sriracha sauce to came up with the best dip ever!

Adherents of The Paleo Diet exclude all dairy products. What’s Right and Wrong About Eating Like a Caveman? Is yogurt interesting for people who dislike milk?

I’m not really into the Paleo Diet. Though, I do understand that some people are interested in this diet, but I’m pretty sure that you can’t do it for a lifetime, and that is my principal concern about it. As a registered dietitian, I’ll continue to support having good lifestyle habits and a good, varied and balanced diet which where the Paleo Diet often fails by being too strict.

Some of the principles are good whatsoever, but the lack of diversity is sad. I cannot go a day without eating my Greek yogurt parfait or my bean salad as the perfect side dish. Yogurt is interesting even if you dislike milk. If you’re lactose intolerant, you can even eat yogurt for breakfast without having digestive health problems because of the probiotics. Sure, some are more sensible and may experienced gas or bloating, but they can always choose to go with lactose-free products.

11 May 2015
2 min read
Cardiovascular health

How is yogurt consumption related to the risk of Metabolic Syndrome?

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New research in Spain found an inverse association between high, yogurt and fruit combined consumption and the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Yogurt consumption is also inversely associated with central adiposity, one of the five MetS criteria.

MetS is known as a combination of metabolic abnormalities (low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism and central adiposity) that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes over time. The incidence of this condition has grown worldwide (around 25%) because of increased obesity and sedentary lifestyles.

A cohort study in Spain with 8,063 participants free of MetS was set up to assess the association between total, whole-fat and low-fat yogurt consumption and the risk of MetS. After 6 years, the follow up conducted 306 incidences of MetS. Frequent yogurt consumption has a non-significant inverse association with MetS.

Mix yogurt and fruit

However, total and whole fat yogurt consumption was significantly associated with a 15% reduced risk of central adiposity (one of the parameters of MetS). More interestingly, yogurt and fruit consumption can protect against the risk of overweight : a combined exposure of high yogurt consumption (more than 7 portions/week) and high fruit consumption (more than 265g/day) is significantly associated with a lower risk of  developing MetS (-39%).

The authors concluded that high consumption of both yogurt and fruit exhibit a significantly lower risk of MetS compared to low consumption.

Source: Carmen Sayón-Orea1 BMC Public Health 2015, 15:170  doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1518-7
05 May 2015
2 min read
Nutri-dense food

How yogurt contributes to nutrient intake at different life stages

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As yogurt has been positively associated with food quality, authors of the British Nutrition Foundation recently published an article in the Nutrition Bulletin on the contribution of yogurt consumption to nutrient intake across the life course. They concluded that yogurt has a small but valuable impact on nutrition intake, particularly for young children.

Yogurt is known as a nutrient dense food within the dairy food group. The aim of this study was to examine yogurt consumption in the UK and consider its contribution to nutrient intakes at different life stages.

The authors used national nutrition survey data of the UK for their analysis. Results unveiled that yogurt makes a small but valuable contribution to nutrient intakes in young children, particularly for vitamin B12 riboflavin, calcium , iodine and phosphorus. As children aged, the contribution of yogurt to micronutrient intake decreased, reflecting the increasing amounts and variety of foods in the diet, but also snacking behaviors.

Look for iodine and calcium

As adolescents go through the final stages of the growing process, they need certain nutrients for normal growth and development. Yogurt has a place in teen’s healthy eating plan because it supplies several key vitamins and minerals. These new data showed that replacing high fat and sugar snacks or desserts by extra low-fat yogurt could improve their low intake of calcium and iodine, which are of concern in some teenage diets in UK.

During adulthood, as intake was higher among women, yogurt makes a greater contribution to their micronutrient intakes compared with men, providing more than 5% of the reference nutrient intakes (RNIs) for phosphorus, iodine, calcium, vitamin B12 and riboflavin.

Source: E. B. Williams et al. Nutrition Bulletin Volume 40, Issue 1, pages 9–32, March 2015